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Michael Patrick Cullinane, Reader in US History at Northumbria, writes about American politics for The Conversation.��

Bernie Sanders, the independent Vermont senator who ran Hillary Clinton ragged in the fight for the Democratic presidential nomination, has finally .

Thanking the millions of Americans who voted for him in the primaries, he once again sounded his rallying cry: “We have begun a political revolution to transform America, and that revolution continues. Together, we will continue to fight for a government that represents all of us, and not just the 1%!”

A month after the primaries ended and Clinton , the Democratic Party can breathe a sigh of relief and begin the healing process after a tumultuous year, one that saw a relatively obscure political renegade steal the hearts and minds of millions – and nearly upend America’s oldest party.

�����Ի������� almost exactly a year ago, calling for Americans to rethink economic inequality and social welfare. He represented the Democratic Party’s progressive wing, which wished President Obama had gone further with his healthcare reforms, or had not been so eager to authorise invasive drone assassinations.

Positioning himself as an anti-establishment candidate  (a highly controversial type of campaign organisation), Sanders set up a sharp contrast with Clinton, who continues to argue that wider fundraising means are justified if the Republicans are to be beaten.

The list of Clinton’s  includes multinational companies, hedge fund billionaires, private equity firms, and media conglomerates. And yet, despite his reluctance to take money from Wall Street fat-cats and corporations, Sanders raised more money than Clinton – primarily through . The #FeeltheBern slogan caught on long before the first primaries, and the grassroots enthusiasm for Sanders drew huge crowds to his rallies. Here, it seemed, was a genuine alternative to Clinton.

More than once, it seemed that the momentum could be shifting in his favour: when Clinton  by less than 1% (or as some would claim, ), when he  in New Hampshire, and then when he nearly embarrassed her in the March primaries across the north-east and Midwest, losing Illinois and Missouri by very narrow margins.

But the Clinton campaign quickly righted the ship, racking up devastating wins in southern states with massive turnout from African American voters. In the end, while the Vermont senator won , Sanders fell millions behind in the overall popular vote and delegate count, unlike Barack Obama, who only very narrowly beat her in the 2008 nomination contest. Sanders also failed to attract the support of the party’s super-delegates, who could theoretically have handed him the nomination even if he lost to Clinton on all other measures.

Near the end, Sanders attacked Clinton with increasing vitriol, , engaging her  at the later debates, and even accusing her supporters of . This predictably upset many Democrats, who worried he would damage Clinton ahead of the general election. But the notion that Sanders has irretrievably hurt her is unfounded.

Changing the game

The Democratic nomination has been a relatively sedate pas de deux in comparison to the bloodbath on the Republican side, and, the fact is, the Democratic Party is far more resilient than the other side. Eight years ago a truly ugly nomination contest between Clinton and Obama ended amicably. After the delegates were seated, the Democrats made a concerted and effective push to unite behind Obama – and Clinton was front and centre.

Donald Trump has because he has been “treated terribly” by his party. But Sanders has not been treated especially poorly, and it’s hard to see why he would bolt when dividing the Democrats would all but assure Trump of victory.

What Trump also misunderstands is that, unlike his devastating campaign, Sanders’s run was a far more traditional effort. Presidential contenders from the far left or right of their parties have always campaigned to widen the political spectrum: in 2004, representative  and veteran civil rights activist  attempted to drag the Democratic Party leftward, while billionaire �����Ի���, a former undersecretary of education, pulled the Republican centre rightward in 2000.

Theirs are not necessarily household names, but their influence mattered. George W Bush doubled down on his pro-life rhetoric and ratcheted up his promises for tax breaks in reaction; Sharpton and Kucinich forced John Kerry to pay greater attention to social justice and the anti-war groups among Democrats.

Sanders has accomplished something similar, forcing a centrist frontrunner to adopt elements of a progressive platform. He has left an indelible mark on the Democratic Party, and he has changed the political narrative. He also lasted far longer and garnered millions more votes than most insurgent candidates. These should be counted as major successes, and they are tributes to his skill and determination as a campaigner as well as to his message.

Whether Sanders really has instigated a political revolution, as his official campaign slogan promised, is up for debate. But I reckon that if Clinton reflects properly on how radical Bernie was, if she thinks carefully about how much he transformed her campaign, she could only conclude that the revolution was real and cannot be ignored.

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